A. Getting to know you
1. Mr. Brown : Hello, Mrs. Black! How are you?
Mrs. Black : Very well, thank you. How are you ?
Mr. Brown : Fine, thanks. Mrs. Black, this is my sister Mary.
Mrs. Black : How do you do, Mary?
Mary : How do you do, Mrs. Black?, I’m very glad to meet you.
B. Kinds of Sport
Ball sports
Underwater football
Underwater rugby
Water polo
Competitive Swimming
Backstroke
Breaststroke
Butterfly stroke
Freestyle swimming
Individual Medley
Synchronized swimming
Diving
Underwater hockey
Free-diving
Scuba Diving
Snorkeling
2. Gymnastics
Artistic gymnastics
Balance Beam
Floor
High Bar
Parallel Bars
Pommel Horse
Still Rings
Uneven Bars
Vault
Cheerleading
Majorette
Competitive rope jumping
Juggling
Rhythmic gymnastics
Sports acrobatics
Tricking
Trampolining
Trapeze
Flying trapeze
Static trapeze
3. Athletics (track and field)
Cross-Country
Jumping
Triple jump
Long jump
High jump
Pole vault
Throwing
Discus
Hammer throw
Javelin
Atlatl
Shot put
Race walking
Bouldering
Canyoning
Mountaineering
Rope climbing
Cycling sports using bicycles or unicycles
Main article: Bicycle
Artistic cycling
BMX racing
Bobrun cycling
Cyclo-cross
Mountain bicycling
Road bicycle racing
Track cycling
FMX or foot motocross
Aerobatics
Air racing
Cluster ballooning
Hopper ballooning
7. Other
C. Sport Classification
One system for classifying sports is as follows, based more on the sport's aim than on the actual mechanics. The examples given are intended to be illustrative, rather than comprehensive.
Combat (wrestling, Judo, karate, boxing, fencing, tae kwon do)
Court (tennis, shuttlecock sport, badminton, volleyball, basketball, table tennis, dodgeball)
Board (chess, checkers, go, bridge, blackjack, monopoly, shogi. Most of these may not be classified as sports but rather as games; hence the phrase board games. Chess can be considered exempt because of the requisite skill required to play.
Electronic (computer and video games that are played as competitive sports, are known colloquially as "eSports". "eSports" are very popular in counties such as
Target (archery, shooting, darts, snooker)
Display (gymnastics, bodybuilding, equestrianism, diving, Marching Band, cheerleading)
Strength (weight-lifting, triple jump, shot put)
Endurance (running, cycling, swimming, triathlon, orienteering, cross-country skiing)
Experience (yachting, gliding)
Occasionally appearing on ESPN (chess, spelling bees)
Team sports refer to sports which are practiced between opposing teams, where the players interact directly and simultaneously between them to achieve the objective, such as football (in its various forms), Counter-Strike cricket, curling, baseball, handball, hockey, basketball or volleyball. The term is used to distinguish itself from individual sports which are based on one-on-one direct confrontation (such as most raquet sports, boxing, gymnastics or Martial arts) or timed races (such as athletics or swimming),
Spectator sports are ones that is characterized by the presence of spectators, or watchers, at its matches.
Counter-Strike
Bowling
Curling
Darts
Counter-Strike
Fishing
Golf
Polo
Where do you play the following sports?
Decide whether the sport is played on/in the following areas. Some of the words are used more than once: court, rink, table, course, field, ring, pitch, board, track, ring, field, pool.
Ø American Football:
Ø European Football:
Ø Tennis:
Ø Chess:
Ø Swimming:
Ø
Ø Horse Racing:
Ø Ice Hockey:
Ø Volleyball:
Ø Athletics:
Ø Motor Racing:
Ø Cricket:
Ø Baseball:
Ø Squash:
Ø Ice Skating:
Ø Golf:
Ø Boxing:
E. Sport Equipment
We use many various types of equipment and clothing to play different sports. Decide whether the sport is played with the following types of equipment and clothing. Some of the words are used more than once:
ball, puck, racket, stick, piece, paddle, gloves, board, bat, cleats, pads (knee-pad, shoulder-pad, etc.), clubs, saddle, suit
Ø American Football:
Ø European Football:
Ø Tennis:
Ø Chess:
Ø Swimming:
Ø
Ø Horse Racing:
Ø Ice Hockey:
Ø Volleyball:
Ø Athletics:
Ø Motor Racing:
Ø Cricket:
Ø Baseball:
Ø Squash:
Ø Ice Skating:
Ø Golf:
Ø Boxing:
F. Sport Measurement
Time, the score and distance are measured in various ways depending on which type of sport you are speaking about. Decide which time, score and/or distance measurement is used in each of the sports below. Some of the words are used more than once:
game, point, set, mile, inning, strokes, yard, round, move, match, meter, round, quarter, out, half, lap, down, length
Ø American Football:
Ø European Football:
Ø Tennis:
Ø Chess:
Ø Swimming:
Ø
Ø Horse Racing:
Ø Ice Hockey:
Ø Volleyball:
Ø Athletics:
Ø Motor Racing:
Ø Cricket:
Ø Baseball:
Ø Squash:
Ø Ice Skating:
Ø Golf:
Ø Boxing:
G. Sport Event
A multi-sport event is an organized sporting event, often held over multiple days, and featuring competition in many different sports between organized teams of athletes from (mostly) nation-states. The first major, modern, multi-sport event of international significance was the modern Olympic Games.
Many regional multi-sport events have since been founded, modeled after the Olympics. Most have the same basic structure. Games are held over the course of several days in and around a "host city," which changes for each competition. Countries send national teams to each competition, consisting of individual athletes and teams that compete in a wide variety of sports. Athletes or teams are awarded gold, silver, or bronze medals for first, second, and third place respectively. The games are generally held every four years, though some are annual competitions.
1. Olympics
The first modern multi-sport event organised were the Olympic Games, organised by the International Olympic Committee (est. 1894) for the first time in 1896 in
At the beginning of the 20th century, another multi-sport event, the Nordic Games were first held. These Games were held in
In the 1920s, all kinds of other multi-sport events were set up. These were usually directed for a selected group of athletes, rather than everybody, which was - basically - the case with the Olympic Games. The Soviets organised the first Spartakiad in 1920, a communist alternative to the 'bourgeois' Olympic Games, and in 1922 the University Olympia was organised in
Since the establishment of the Olympics, most serial multi-sport events have been organized for specific audiences and participating countries or communities:
regional, such as the East Asian Games and the South American Games
political, such as the Spartakiad and the GANEFO
historic or historicultural roots, such as the Commonwealth Games (for members of the
ethnocultural or ethnoreligious, such as the Pan-Armenian Games (for ethnic communities of Armenians both in
religious, such as the Islamic Solidarity Games and the previously mentioned Maccabiah Games
occupational, such as the Military World Games, the World Police and Fire Games and the Universiade
physical structure, such as the Paralympics and the Special Olympics World Games
human age, such as the Commonwealth Youth Games and the Senior Olympics
gender and sexual orientation, such as the Women's Islamic Games and the Gay Games
4. List of major international competitions
The Olympic Games are still the largest multi-sport event in the world, but several others also have significance. These are:
Military World Games, held first in 1995, for military athletes from over 100 countries
The X Games, which highlight extreme action sports.
Pan American Games, held first in 1951, for all nations of the
Asian Games, held first in 1951, for all Asian nations
All-Africa Games, held first in 1965, for all African nations
Commonwealth Games, held first in 1930 (although similar games in 1911) for all nations from the
Francophone Games, held first in 1989, for nations that speak French
Lusophony Games, begun in 2006, for Portuguese-speaking countries.
Southeast Asian Games, held first in 1959, for nations in
East Asian Games, for nations in
West Asian Games, for nations in
Central Asian Games, for nations in
South Asian Games, for nations in
Goodwill Games, held first in 1986, held as an alternative after the boycotted Olympics of 1980 and 1984.
Spartakiad, a defunct event involving athletes from the
World Games, held first in 1981, stage many sports (though not all) that are not Olympic sports. The World Games is therefore sometimes also unofficially called Olympics for non-Olympic sports. (They cannot be called "Olympic" games without infringing on the Olympic committees' trademarks.)
World Mind Sports Games, first held in 2008 for games of skill (i.e. chess, go, etc.)
Maccabiah Games, first held in 1932, for Jewish athletes worldwide.
Mediterranean Games, held first in 1951, for all nations bordering the
Pan Arab Games, held first in 1953, for Arabic nations.
GANEFO, held first in 1963 in
Gay Games and World OutGames held first in 1982 and 2006, for the worldwide gay community
Games of the Small States of Europe held first in 1985, for eight small states in
Arafura Games, held first in 1991 and hosted in the
South Pacific Games, held first in 1963 for countries around the South Pacific
World Masters Games, first held in 1985, for mature athletes.
Commonwealth Youth Games, began in 2000.
South American Games, began in 1978.
Bolivarian Games, began in 1938, for countries liberated by Simo’n Bolivar.
World Police and Fire Games, begun in 1985, for law enforcement officers and firefighters worldwide; second only to the Summer Olympics in number of participants.
European Youth Olympic Festival (EYOF), for youth athletes from
Other Games are intended for handicapped or disabled athletes. The Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Games, incepted in 1948 in
H. Olympic Game
There are many legends surrounding the origins of the Olympic Games; according to one legend the Games were founded by Heracles (= Hercules in Roman mythology). Historically the first Ancient Olympic Games can be traced back to 776 BC. Every fourth year, they took place in
When the Romans conquered
The French Baron Pierre de Coubertin is the initiator of the modern Olympic Games. He wanted to bring nations closer together and have them compete in sports rather than fight in wars. Thanks to the efforts of Coubertin and his supporters, the first modern Games took place in 1896 – in
Coubertin’s idea of bringing the nations closer together is symbolised in the Olympic flag: its rings represent the five continents of the world and the colours (blue, black, red, yellow, green, white) were chosen such that they contained the flag colours of all countries participating in the games at the time the Olympic flag was created.
Months before the Olympics actually take place, the Olympic Flame is lit in
There are Olympic Summer Games, Olympic Winter Games and Paralympic Games. The Winter Games take place two years after the Summer Games. The Paralympic Games are an event for athletes with physical and mental disabilities – they are held shortly after the Olympic Games, at the same venues.
At the first modern Olympic games, 245 athletes from 13 nations competed in 10 different sports. Now more than 10,000 athletes from about 200 nations compete in 28 summer sports and 7 winter sports. The sports on the Olympic programme might change, however. Over the years, the IOC has added new sports (e.g. beach volleyball, snowboarding, curling) and striked out others (e.g. golf, rugby, tug of war).
The Olympic Games did not take place in 1916 due to World War I and in 1940 and 1944 due to World War II.
I. Part of Body
- hand
- shoulder
- head
- neck
- finger
- thumb
- wrist
- elbow
- breast
- belly
- thigh
- knee
- lower leg
- toe
- calf
- ankle
- foot
- bottom
- back
- upper arm
- forearm
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